How Fossil Fuels Affect The Environment Research Paper Example

How Fossil Fuels Affect The Environment Research Paper Example How Fossil Fuels Affect The Environment Paper How Fossil Fuels Affect The Environment Paper Exposition Topic: Sustainable power source Depict and clarify how the utilization of Fossil energizes may influence the earth and talk about measures, which could be taken to diminish the hurtful outcomes Fossil powers incorporate gas, oil, coal, or flammable gas. At whatever point we consume them, more toxin gases are produced into the air. They are singed to run vehicles and trucks, heat homes and business and force industrial facilities and are liable for about 98% of U. S carbon dioxide outflows, 24% of methane discharges and 18% of nitrous oxide emanations. Due to the destructive impacts of these poison gases, created when non-renewable energy sources are singed, they represent a significant danger to the earth. Practically all air toxins are the consequence Of non-renewable energy source ignition, either in the home, by ventures or the inner burning motor. Smoke is minuscule particles of carbon suspended noticeable all around, delivered because of consuming coal and oil. While smoke stays noticeable all around, it can decrease the light force at ground level; henceforth lessen the general pace of photosynthesis. Stores of smoke, or all the more especially, ash and debris, may cover plant leaves legitimately decreasing photosynthesis by forestalling light entrance or even by stopping up stomata openings. The poisons engaged with corrosive downpour are sulfur dioxide, oxides of nitrogen, zone and different unstable natural fumes radiated from gas stations. Petroleum products contain somewhere in the range of 1% and 4% sulfur and thus around 30 million tones of sulfur dioxide is discharged from the smokestacks of Europe every year. Its impact in high fixations, are hurtful to plants in that it diminishes development, particularly in grain, wheat and lettuce and others, for example, lichens might be slaughtered. Sulfur dioxide (ASS) breaks down in water shaping sulfurous corrosive (HASPS). This is then changed over to sulfur trioxide (ASS) at that point to sulfuric corrosive (HASPS). Corrosive downpour is hurtful since it causes fermentation of the dirt. Changes in soil pH change the solvency of the particles present, in corrosive soil; fundamental minerals like potassium, calcium, magnesium and follow components begin to be lost by filtering. In corrosive soil (pH underneath 4. 5) aluminum particles may show up in the dirt at noxious focuses. Aluminum particles may likewise be filtered into lakes and streams and slaughter fish and other marine life. Since the modern unrest, CO gases radiated into the air have expanded by 27%. The pre-mechanical fixation was in 1 860 was siphon where as the current focus is evaluated at 368 siphon. Methane, another ozone depleting substance has dramatically increased. The primary driver Of the expanded CO level is because of the burning of coal and oil. For each tone of carbon consumed, 4 tones of CO are freed Scientist contend that this additional CO noticeable all around, trap warmth and produce a nursery impact, causing extension of the sea, liquefying of the polar icecaps with an ensuing ascent in ocean levels. This would thus cause flooding of low-lying land. The nursery impact isn't totally terrible, since it keeps up the normal of the earths surface at 1 5?SQ as opposed to 18?CO, without ozone depleting substances. CO is straightforward o short wave radiation from the sun, however firmly assimilates the long wave radiation that the earth lights into space. A worldwide temperature alteration is answerable for an expansion in 0. 5 1. 0 ?CO of normal world temperature, since the late nineteenth century. On the off chance that emanations of CO gases are not decreased altogether, the normal worldwide temperature is relied upon to ascend by 1. 58 ?CO in the following century. Not exclusively will this expansion straightforwardly harm vegetation, yet dissipation will increment as the atmosphere warms, which will build normal worldwide precipitation. Soil dampness is probably going to decrease in numerous locales and exceptional standard are probably going to be progressively visit. These are for the most part genuine repercussions of a worldwi de temperature alteration. The generally dormant oxide Of nitrogen, criticizing oxide, is framed during non-renewable energy source ignition. In the stratosphere, within the sight of u. V. Radiation, stigmatizing oxide is not, at this point idle. It responds with nuclear oxygen to shape two particles of nitrogen monoxide radicals (NO?s). These then respond with ozone atoms, changing over them to sub-atomic oxygen and transforming nitrogen monoxide radicals. Radicals accelerate the pulverization of ozone since they continually reappear to trigger another response. The devastation of the ozone layer brings about a noteworthy increment in u. V. Radiation arriving at the earths surface. Bright radiation is consumed by the Purina and pyridine bases in DNA and adjusts tem, with results influencing the declaration of hereditary data. In people this outcomes in a higher frequency of skin disease. In higher plants developed as yields the impact of expanded introduction to u. V radiation is to decrease yields. Amphibian living beings including fish hatchlings and microscopic fish are touchy to u. V light. Interruption in the environmental parity in the sea may not just influence marine evolved ways of life, UT the commitment of the sea to the ingestion of carbon dioxide. So as to diminish the impacts of petroleum product burning, the essential measure that ought to be utilized is to discover elective vitality sources. Sustainable power source originates from the abuse of wave power, wind power, flowing force, sunlight based vitality, hydroelectric force and natural sources including biomass (wood charcoal, crop deposits, waste and other natural materials). A considerable lot of these types of sustainable power source have a low natural effect subsequently might be moderately earth neighborly. Natural fills, for example can e used to gracefully people developing vitality needs. The Gasohol developer in Brazil, where sugar stick squanders are utilized to deliver an engine vehicle fuel, is such a model. This will diminish the impacts of non-renewable energy source ignition discharges. Universal endeavors can be built up to control carbon dioxide emanations just as actualize utilization of elective wellsprings of vitality, rather than draining the universes non-renewable energy source saves, which is relied upon just to last an additional 500 years. Governments can likewise teach the general population on the threats of vitality wastefulness. They may decide to advance increasingly proficient utilization of vitality in mothers and organizations, including electrical vitality since consuming non-renewable energy sources creates a large portion of the power. They can set vitality effective guidelines for household apparatuses. They could likewise change building guidelines to guarantee that new houses, workplaces and open structures are more vitality effective, for example in chilly atmospheres, measures can be assumed to decrease heat misfortune to environmental factors like twofold coating windows. They may likewise build obligations on petroleum and diesel fuel, to attempt to decrease their utilization. Plans might be considered to change over the businesses CO discharges into fluids or solids. One present idea for catching CO from Waste gases includes MEA (Indetermination). Different strategies incorporate physical ingestion, synthetic responses to methanol, polymers and co-polymers fragrant carboxylic acids or urea. People can likewise monitor vitality inside the home. Re-utilizing materials, similar to plastic packs are one such way. Reusing papers, glass jugs and plastic containers should likewise be possible in the homes and business. Other straightforward measures can be utilized inside the home like purchasing vitality productive reduced bright light bulbs for the most utilized lights in the home. At whatever point Seibel people should bicycle, walk, carpool, or utilize open vehicle to get to their goal. They can likewise purchase insignificantly bundled merchandise, pick re-useable items rather than expendable ones. In the event that they live in hot atmospheres, the house ought to be painted a light shading. Petroleum products give 90% of the vitality we use now, yet at a cost of urban air contamination, corrosive downpour, expected a dangerous atmospheric devation and ozone layer consumption. As we consume non-renewable energy sources and keep on utilizing gas subordinate vehicle, we increment the degree of CO in the earths climate and keep on hurting nature.

Impact of hyperinflation on investors and ordinary citizens in Essay - 1

Effect of hyperinflation on financial specialists and normal residents in zimbabwe - Essay Example or then again assortment of information and assurance of the procedure for dissecting the gathered information and data so as to show up at a practical arrangement of the exploration issue (Alexander and Dhumale, 2012). Such research philosophy will be confined based on the hypothetical system and progressing monetary conditions in Zimbabwe. Research theory strikes a relationship between the hypothetical parts of the examination with its commonsense presentation. Along these lines, choice of suitable research reasoning holds most extreme significance for the effective finish of an exploration work. As per Alexander and Dhumale (2012), so as to infer the best research reasoning, its three unmistakable qualities ought to be dissected, for example, philosophy, epistemology and axiology. The idea of cosmology manages authenticity and in this way, it will in general break down the social elements and social factors related with the exploration objective so inquire about result turns out to be profoundly corresponded with the viable world. Epistemology focuses on the investigation of information and endeavors to apply the approximated perspective for understanding this present reality circumstance. At long last, axiology shows the significance of significant worth decisions (Alexander and Dhumale, 2012). As this specific research is directed for scholarly reason, epistemology is viewed as the most important way of thinking for examining the effect of hyperinflation on the general occupants of Zimbabwe. Under the exploration epistemology, positivism look into worldview will be received. Greatness of positivism reflects in its capacity to watch the amassed information and data expressly and break down such information applying the sound information level (Maxwell, 2012). Research approach helps the analyst to go before the exploration work in an exhaustive way. Traditional research procedure includes numerous exploration approaches, for example, snatching, conclusion, acceptance and so forth. So as to examine the impact of hyperinflation on the financial specialists and

Blog Archive January 26 Gaining Admissions to the Worlds Top MBA Programs (Online)

Blog Archive January 26 Gaining Admissions to the Worlds Top MBA Programs (Online) By taking action now, you can dramatically improve your chances of gaining admission to a top MBA program in the coming years. Indeed, it is never too soon (and certainly not too late) to take several crucial steps to shape your MBA candidacy. Join mbaMission founder Jeremy Shinewald as he leads prospective applicants through a Long-Term Planning seminar and then debunks admissions myths and encourages applicants to embrace “admissions realities” that lead to acceptances. Topics of discussion will include the following: The biggest application mistakes made by East Asian applicants The top five strategies to differentiate yourself to a top MBA Program Creating your ten-month (and beyond) timeline Maximizing the impact of community activities Accelerating personal goals Building an alternative transcript Taking and retaking the GMAT Making the most of campus visits Understanding the differences between MBA programs More… Date: Wednesday, January 26, 2011 Time: 7:00-8:30 a.m. EST Location: Online Price: Free! To register for this event, please click here. Share ThisTweet mbaMission Events

According to the Assigned Article, Health Disparity and...

According to the assigned article, Health Disparity and Structural Violence: How Fear Undermines Health Among Immigrants at Risk for Diabetes, narratives tell the story of the interconnectedness between fear and health. Thematically, the issue of fear is a dominant feature that affects how an individual approaches day-to-day living and health. Explain the relationship between fear and health identified by the researchers in the article. Do you agree that structural violence perpetuates health disparity? In the assigned reading article, researchers propose that minority populaces are at higher risk for diabetes than the social majority. This risk is directly linked to a decreased sense of educational attainment and high levels of†¦show more content†¦Journal of Health Disparities Research Practice, 6(2), 30-47. Retrieved fromShow MoreRelatedT2 DQ1 Essay676 Words   |  3 Pagesï » ¿According to the assigned article, Health Disparity and Structural Violence: How Fear Undermines Health Among Immigrants at Risk for Diabetes, narratives tell the story of the interconnectedness between fear and health. Thematically, the issue of fear is a dominant feature that affects how an individual approaches day-to-day living and health. Explain the relationship between fear and health identified by the researchers in the article. Do you agree that structural violence perpetuates health disparity

Essay on Machiavelli’s The Prince as a Modern Political...

The Prince as a Modern Political Guidebook Uneasy lies the head that wears a crown. (Shakespeare, 2 Henry IV 111.1.31) Kingship and leadership is a human concept. Contraptions and fiction invented by human beings that hold the fabric of society together. It is the job of the leader to make the fiction work for the good of all. The quote above evokes the overall feeling about kingship held by both Prince Hal and his father in Shakespeares Henry plays. Being a leader is perhaps the most difficult position one can ever attain. And in the same vein that King Henry IV says this above line, so does his son King Henry V offer this lament: The slave, a member of the countrys peace, Enjoys it; but†¦show more content†¦This book has caused Machiavellis name to become synonymous with evil. It is perhaps also one of the most famous books written on politics other than Platos Republic. But unlike Plato, Machiavelli does not concern himself with metaphysical realms like the world of the Forms. He deals with the reality of this life, which is the one with which all leaders must deal. The Prince is a guidebook for these leaders. In fact Machiavelli addressed this book to a prince, Lorenzo de Medici, in order to win his favor: Wishing now myself to offer to your Magnificence some proof of my devotion, I have found nothing among all I possess that I hold more dear or esteem more highly than the knowledge of the actions of great men, which I have acquired by long experience of modern affairs, and a continued study of ancient history (Machiavelli 11). So who is this evil genius who wrote the blue print for tyranny? Recently this view of Machiavelli has been repudiated and scholars have become free to analyze the work without having to cast moral judgments on a man who believed he was merely recording the reality of political life. Machiavelli states that the prince must at all times act according to the dictates of necessity. There is no room for idealism and altruism, in fact these are mendacious in the face of the realities of politics: But as my aim is to write something that may be useful to him for whom it is intended, it seems to me proper to pursueShow MoreRelatedNiccolà ² Machiavellis Acquisition of Power Essay1327 Words   |  6 PagesThinkers from Aristotle to Francis Bacon would expound on this idea of a social contract, but none would exemplify the realism and ruthlessness of modern politics like Machiavelli. While the word Machiavellian has become part of our lexicon as a term for the ruthless execution of political will glorifying the â€Å"ends justify the means† mentality, Machiavelli’s true legacy should be found in his belief that the state was more than a contract as Bacon or John Locke would later explain. Machiavelli wasRead MoreThe Political Philosophy Of Niccolo Machiavelli And Socrates1444 Words   |  6 Pagesphilosophers, Niccolo Machiavelli and Socrates laid the groundwork for western political philosophy and modern day politics. Though both lived through times of political transition and war, the fragility of their politics, violence of their wars, and the leaders they lived under influenced the development of their differing ideologies about the governing of principalities. From Machiavelli’s experience, came, â€Å"The Prince,† a guidebook about the importance of self-preservation when leading a principality thatRead MoreMachiavelli and Gossip Girl1497 Words   |  6 Pages Machiavelli’s The Prince is a guide written for the ruling class on how to maintain power, however, royalty is no longer a characteristic that belongs only to a monarch. In The Prince, Machiavelli targets the prince and all other royalty, but today his work may be used as a social critique of upper class society. Thus, a popular television show depicting Manhattan’s elite governed by social media blasts, is no coincidence. It is evident that the creators of the popular television show Gossip GirlRead MoreVladimir Putin and Machiavellis The Prince2685 Words   |  11 Pages Vladimir Putin is one of the most important figures on the global political stage. Since 2000 he has been master of the Kremlin and all Russia. When President Boris Yeltsin first appo inted Putin Prime Minister in 1999; Russia was in the mist of a precipitous decline that followed the break up of the Soviet Union. Nobody expected new Prime Minister to last long, or reverse Russia’s decade long decline. Vladimir Putin has been in charge of the world’s largest county, as President or Prime Minister

Benefits Of Working For Minimum Wage - 907 Words

Companies and small business’s pay their employe’s hourly wages based on a minimum wage. Today in America we have many hard workers who are working for minimum wage which consists of $7.25 per hour. There is some businesses that believe all employees should be paid at minimum wage while other businesses pay well over minimum wage. Skills, attitude, responsibility and work ethic all affect how employers base employees hourly wage. When looking at the economy the government should not increase mnimum wages, there are many factors that affect minimum wage such as elasticty of demand, and how education and skills can increase minimum wage. Minimum wage is a law set by the government, which is the lowest pay employers can pay their employees. Raising or keeping minimum wage the same has many pros and cons, but keeping the minimum wage the same is beneficial.Human Geography sixth edition by Paul Knox and Sallie Marston provides information about global economic. â€Å" Travel eastward, they leave an agrarian realm with few jobs and miserable wages and enter the realm of â€Å" agglomeration economies†, in which by labor market attracts manufacturers what offer better wage† (Knox and Marston, 214). One of the downsides to keeping the minimum wages the same is people who are not getting to their satisfaction will move to where they are able to make more income. In class we discussed how elasticty of demands affects society. Paul Knox and Sallie Marston stated, â€Å" Degree to whichShow MoreRelatedPros And Cons Of Raising The Minimum Wage1122 Words   |  5 PagesSince 2009, the federal minimum wage rate for employees has been $7.25 per hour. In retrospect, this is hardly enough pay to take care of one’s self-- let alone a family with children. If a person were to add up the average cost of living for one week and then compare it to the average amount of money earned in minimum wage for that week, it would be apparent that the re is little to no extra money for emergency situations. Increasing the minimum wage has been a major controversial issue; DemocratsRead MoreMinimum Wage And The Wage1176 Words   |  5 Pageswork weeks at minimum wage can be insufficient to provide for life’s necessities. Many minimum wage workers must supplement their income with taxpayer-funded federal assistance programs in addition to working beyond the standard 40 hour work week. There is an economical and ethical imperative to increase the pay of low-income workers, and this can most effectively be done by raising the federally established minimum wage. The federal government assumed responsibility for ensuring wage fairness by implementingRead MoreEssay A Minimum Wage Increase Will Stimulate the Economy1318 Words   |  6 Pagesfederal minimum wage law in 1938 while the Great Depression was at its utmost insolvent position. Because at this point in time the economy was at its lowest, the sole purpose for its enactm ent was to keep the majority of Americans out of poverty and increase consumer demand. Following the 1960’s, the minimum wage has had a very gradual increase to the point where it is now at a standby. At this moment with a recession occurring, minimum wages have not brought any benefits to those working for suchRead MoreThe Impact Of A Minimum Wage Increase1153 Words   |  5 PagesImpact of a Minimum Wage Increase Who gets paid the minimum wage? Well, at some point in our lives we all have been paid the minimum wage. But who are those people earning the minimum wage right at this moment? These are the people who have menial jobs. They work in restaurants, retail stores, bars, and maintenance services (OEA, 9). In 2014, the city of San Francisco proposed an initiative indicating that it would raise the minimum wage to $15 by 2018 (Ballotpedia). So would a typical low-wage workerRead MorePersuasive Essay On Minimum Wage1526 Words   |  7 PagesMinimum wage is defined by the dictionary as â€Å"the lowest wage paid or permitted to be paid; specifically: a wage fixed by legal authority or by contract as the least that may be paid either to employed persons generally or to a particular category of employed persons.† Minimum wage is also referred to as the living wage. For many in and out of the political arena, minimum wage, is a topic of debate. The discussion involves the fairness of t he current wage and the need to raise this wage to correlateRead MoreShould Minimum Wage Lift Millions Of Families Below The Poverty Line? Or Cause A Drop?1206 Words   |  5 Pages Will raising minimum wage lift millions of families above the poverty line? OR cause a drop in unemployment? Minimum wage today in Ga is 7.25 an hour, if a business has 6 or more workers then this minimum wage applies to the employees. â€Å"The Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) and Georgia labor law requires all employers in Georgia to visibly display an approved Georgia minimum wage poster, and other Georgia and federal labor law posters, to ensure that all employees are aware of federal and GeorgiaRead MoreA Full Time Worker Earn $ 5.15 An Hour1378 Words   |  6 PagesA full time worker earning $7.25 an hour will make approximately $15,080 a year (â€Å"Minimum Wage†). That’s barely more than what students pay for housing and food at some colleges, and we expect a family to live off of this? The poverty line is at $20,000 for a family of four, so how are these people supposed to raise their children in a healthy environment while working full-time to not even be on the poverty line? If this raise is done correctly, employment and prices won’t be hurt, and we will on lyRead MoreShould Minimum Wage Be Raised?1337 Words   |  6 Pagesnot to raise the minimum wage in America has been a widely discussed topic for years. Minimum wage refers to the smallest amount of money a worker can legally be paid in the U.S. It was first signed into law in 1938 by President Franklin Roosevelt in order to keep workers out of poverty and as it stands, the current federal minimum wage in the U.S. is $7.25 per hour. (United States Department of Labor). Today, while some are even questioning the significance of having a minimum wage at all, othersRead MoreThe Minimum Wage Should Be Increased1289 Words   |  6 PagesThe National Minimum Wage Should be increased to a Living Wage. Back in 1998 Labour s’ Tony Blair introduced the national minimum wage (NMW). It was created in aid of employers not valuing their workforce, often giving them very little wages. When it was first introduced the rate was set at  £3.60 and has slowly risen to  £6.70. However this is not enough to live on. It has been estimated that you need no less than  £7.85 an hour, rising to  £9.15 in London, to survive on. There is a clear differenceRead MoreMinimum Wage Should Be Raised1145 Words   |  5 PagesThe current minimum wage is $7.25, which equals two gallons of milk, one fast food meal or two gallons of gas. Can you imagine yourself working 12-hours a day and only having enough money to pay for rent and put food on the table for your family? With working all those long hours, you can barely afford to pay your utility bills and after that you don’t have enough money or time for luxuries like clothing or vacation. You have no savings as matter of fact, you are in a huge debt and you are living

Role of Student in Present Society Essay Example For Students

Role of Student in Present Society Essay Role of student in present society Student period is the formative period in one’s life. A student must develop all such qualities in him during this period as enable him to lead a successful life. All activities are good if one remains with in reasonable limits. Students should therefore, pay attention to their studies. In India, education signified knowledge of the self. Education meant character building and drawing out the best in each individual. Education and learning has always been everything to do with life and living. Education enabled the student to realize within himself the strength and freedom to take control of his life without fear. The aim of such education was to bring out the best abilities in every individual, family, community and the society, in offer for the service of the land and the people. When students have been treated with respect, they have lived up to it and displayed a strong sense of responsibility. On being recognized as individuals, they have displayed a readiness to work for change within the existing system rather than by dropping out of it. For all round development of a student, it is essential that ways for partaking in extracurricular activities be available. It is in this view that extracurricular activities conducted regularly to enable students to discover and hone their skills in fields that are not academic in nature. Technical activities are also held on a regular basis to promote excellence in technical skills among the student body. These activities are completely organized by the student community. Education is an integrated enterprise. Unfortunately the society at large as well as the government looks at it in a segmented way _Elementary education, secondary education, Higher education, general education, technical education, vocational education etc. First role is to provide education for those who fall within its direct fold. The second role is to guide the functionaries and planners of those who fall outside the fold. The third role of higher education is to harness the resource groups including the wisdom of senior citizens. Students explore environmental issues that are relevant to their own lives, self _ select topics, and gather information. Students participate efficiently in the management of hostels, food services, games sports, cultural and literary activities. Students share their ideas about making a good argument.

Operation Management free essay sample

Hard Rock uses these ten critical decisions of operational management; â€Å"Service and product design, Quality management, Process and capacity design, Location, Layout design/Job design, Supply-chain management, Inventory management, Scheduling and Maintenance†. These practices give the Hard Rock Cafe an edge in meeting new and growing needs of the restaurant, and entertainment industry. The service and product design Hard Rock sells is not just food, it’s a statement and a storied culture that has changed with time as we do as people. The â€Å"living on the edge† crowd of the 1980s can still live a little on the edge today in a Hard Rock restaurant, casino or even in a rock concert. The company is selling the feeling of still being a rebel. Hard Rock Cafe has grown into a successful industry that was once limited to a twenty something budget to grow with the wallets of the generation that gave birth to it. We will write a custom essay sample on Operation Management or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The quality management has been a key factor providing an environment that people want to continue to come back to. High quality products such as gourmet food, quality merchandise, and excellent service have kept the Hard Rock from dying. The individual sight managers alongside with the overall operation managers are responsible for maintaining the high quality products and environment that people expect to find there. Hard Rocks process and capacity design along with location selection are chosen based on high population areas with specific geographic requirements to ensure a large volume of customers. The location chosen requires a high capacity facility that is capable of serving its large number of customers. This is accomplished not just by size but by layout design and the efficient flow of  product and delivery of that product. That product flow along with a good human resources and job design are a crucial part of managing a Hard Rock. The management of the supply-chain and inventory/material is another essential part of Hard Rocks success. Managers have to purchase the correct equipment and supplies needed to efficiently produce the high quality products and take into account how much inventory is required and when to restock. This takes good data analysis and continually requires review to ensure proper inventory of supplies at all times. Lastly, managers need to take into account intermediate and short-term scheduling along with when to perform maintenance on equipment and facilities. Planning on high business times of the year managers can schedule preventative maintenance during the slower parts of the year. In the same way they can schedule part time employees to accommodate the influx of customers during busier parts of the year. Works Cited Professor Barry Render, J. H. (2013). Case Analysis on the Hard Rock Cafe. Trident University.

Goodfellas essays

Goodfella's essays What aspects of mise en scene, sound, editing and cinematography has Scorsese used to develop our understanding of character in the sequence from Goodfellas. (Scorsese 1990). What do they communicate to you? This scene which I have examined portrays the gangster Henry Hill, played by Ray Liotta in the film Goodfellas, directed by Martin Scorsese in 1990. The film follows the life of a group of gangsters from Brooklyn, New York. It was based on a true story. In the sequence it shows the character of Henry Hill in part of one day of his life. He wakes up at 6:55 am and snorts some cocaine, I think he is doing this to wake himself up for the busy day because he relies on the drugs that much. He then stashes some guns in his car that he has bought to match some silencers for the same guns that Jimmy had bought. Whilst doing this he notices a police helicopter above him. Scorsese has used a point-of-view shot to make it appear as if the spectator is looking through the characters eyes and he also uses a high angle shot looking down on Henry to show he is intimidated by the appearance of this helicopter. Also zooming in and out on the helicopter seems to construct he relationship between Henry's activities and the law. This introduction to the scene shows that the addiction to drugs are taking over Henrys lifestyle and the way he acts, he doesnt behave this way in any other part of the film until he becomes hooked on drugs and other illegal acts. He is obviously paranoid about the helicopter because he constantly stares out of the window of his car to see if its still there. He takes the guns to Jimmys house but unfortunately the silencers do not fit the guns, this angers Jimmy who then tells Henry to keep away from the drugs. What Henry is wearing is n instant indicator of the way he currently lives his lifestyle. You can tell that the cocaine has affected Henrys appearance...

Political Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Political Ethics - Essay Example Elders, usually male and heads of households, have religious authority, as well as powers to decide on aspects of community life. In the case of chiefs and regional or national leaders, there is a mixing of political, religious and moral authority which makes them very powerful indeed, and able to influence the life of those underneath them for good or for evil. Culture, laws and history are traditionally preserved through oral means, which entails a lot of reciting of material, and listening, as well as ritual performances of various kinds which serve to remind those present of essential underlying principles which are used to pass judgement on particular cases. Another major difference between Western and African ways is that societal groups in Africa are usually very much smaller scale, so people actually know those who are leaders, and have some sort of relationship through kinship with them. Hereditary social structures create bonds which last over generations, and ensure a certain stability in society. Ancestor worship is an extension of the strong ties that exists within and between clans and tribes in the present time. The whole system is hierarchical, with each layer courting the approval of the one above, from the king or chief at the top right down to the family unit where the child is subordinate to the father. The main values of African societies are â€Å"good company, dignity, display, decency and wisdom,† (Magesa, 1997, p. 258) and these are embodied in the leaders in a system that the author calls â€Å"relative gerontocracy† (Magesa, 1997, p. 265) Conflict resolution is done in a consultative way, with several people sitting in judgement, and an audience listening to complaints and defences. By making the preserving of human life the main point of moral behavior, Magesa argues that African

Hospitality and tourism marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Hospitality and tourism marketing - Essay Example Tourism product portfolio has following dynamics. There are quality issues, relative uniqueness, themes and potential target audience. The product gets support from these elements. In order to comprehend this relatively new field of Hospitality and Tourism Marketing, one needs to refer to rudimentary aspects of Marketing (Dolnicar, 2008).Rationale for the above mentioned product portfolio has buying decision behind it. It deals with assessment on target customers in context of their aspirations (stimuli). It includes income, safety, visa, psychological goals and offer that are floated in core and supplementary offers. Availability of information about the offer is second step where by customer tends to check alternatives. Here information must be apt and attractive. This is because of the fact that stimuli might have been catered by the core and supplementary products but necessary conveyance of information is also important. Decision once taken will lead to post purchase analysis wh ich will be very important so far as suggestion/ feedback is concerned. Satisfaction leads to regular customer-ship. A study on rating by Chinese tourists stated that Shopping, Entertainment and Participatory activities bagged highest rating whereas tourism experts marked Dining/Eating out, Participatory activities and entertainments as the most favorite activities. In Amsterdam Market, the customers will be gauged on certain determinants.

The History Of Bitumen Engineering Essay

The History Of Bitumen Engineering Essay Bitumen is described as mankinds oldest engineering material. This fact is supported by some evidence. Back at the time, nearly 3000 years BC, the Sumerians in Mesopotamia used bitumen to fasten ivory or pearl into the eye sockets of their statues. They also sculptured votive offerings which the mixture of their sculpture is originally from bitumen and clay. From the finding, it is proven that some thousand years later, bitumen was being used by the early Babylonians as a building material because of its properties as a cement and water proofing agent. Later, bitumen became the standard material and being used in civil engineering and architectural projects to hold bricks and stones together which used to line drains, watercourses and grain storage. It was also being used to create damp courses and seal the flat roofs of the houses in the same way as it is used today. It is also important in paving (Ask.com, 21 Dec 2010). Other Evidence found that, about 600 BC King Nebuchadnezzar of Babylon rebuilt the city wall, which he intends to restrain the water of the Euphrates with burnt bricks and bitumen because the old wall which is made of dried clay bricks had failed to keep the waters at the bay. The Babylonians had developed a technique using layer of bricks, bitumen and clay which they reinforced with reed for construction purposes. The system was so successful whereas they were able to build towers up to twelve storeys high. The evidence is proven when archeologists excavating the site of the ancient city and they found traces that bitumen had been used for the construction of the building. Instead of using bitumen for construction, the reason why bitumen was widely used in this area was its availability in various forms. It can be found in certain places where we can find it easily. It was also available as a solid material in the form of bituminous limestone, which was used as the basis for small carvings. Because of its availability, bitumen has taken parts in many great legends of Biblical and pre-Biblical times. It is said that, bitumen has being used in the building of the Tower of Babel and for the waterproofing of Noahs Ark and Moses wicker basket (Zayn Bilkadi, Dec 1984). The Romans used bitumen for medicinal purposes whereas they use bitumen for preventing and curing a number of ailments including boils, toothache and ringworm. Meanwhile, Roman ladies used bitumen for cosmetic purposes whereas they used bitumen as a means of beautifying their eyebrows. Bitumen also was being used for maritime usage whereas Christopher Columbus and Sir Walter Raleigh found that the lakes of asphalt in Trinidad are useful for re-caulking their ships for the return voyage. Apart from maritime usage, bitumen was used mainly for medicinal, cosmetic and crop protection purposes. On the other hand, the German metallurgist Georg Agricola was writing in the early part of the sixteenth century that Bitumen is produced from mineral waters containing oil, also from liquid bitumen and from rocks containing bitumen. Liquid bitumen sometimes floats in large quantities on the surface of wells, brooks and rivers and is collected with buckets or other pots. Small quantities are collected by means of feathers, linen towels and the like. The bitumen easily adheres to these objects and is collected in big copper or iron vessels and the lighter fractions evaporated by heating. The residual oil is used for different purposes and some people mix it with pitch, others with used axle oil to make it thicker. On the other hand, the entry for bitumen in Blounts Glossary published in 1656 defined it as a kind of clay or slime naturally clammy, like pitch, growing in some countries of Asia. By the middle of the nineteenth century, the usage of bitumen for the road construction is to solve the problem of the dust raised by the horse-drawn traffic in towns. The availability of supply of tar from local coal-gas works led to the use of tar for treating streets and pavements. They started to realize the important of streets and road which would lead to the unimagined standard of smoothness and durability for the elements needed for their creation in the future. Rock asphalt and the Trinidad Lake were the sources of bitumen first used to bind mixtures of aggregates in road building in the modern style. (Asphalt Origin,) Nowadays, a small scale of high quality bitumen can be exploited from petroleum which is a readily available source of low cost. The production of bitumen grew with the rise of the motorcar and the universal demand for paved highways. The proportion of bitumen which is resulted from petroleum refining whereas lead that today most bitumen sources is from the distillation of crude petroleum oil. (BP , 2010). 2.2 Bitumen Bitumen is a versatile material that is widely used in civil engineering. Bitumen is a mixture of organic liquid that are black, oily, highly viscous that is a naturally occurring organic product by product of decomposed organic materials. This basically consists of hydrocarbons ,carbon hydrogen the rest becomes oxygen, sulfur, nitrogen and trace the various metals such as nickel, vanadium, lead, chromium, mercury and also arsenic, selenium and other toxic elements. Bitumen can provide good preservation of plants and animal fossils. Bitumen and asphalt is two different things. In American asphalt used to mean bitumen but outside American asphalt refers to the mixture of bitumen and aggregate laid as a road surface. H:TOPEKBitumen Definition_filesBitumenInBeaker2.gif Figure 2.1: Bitumen 2.3 Sources of bitumen Bitumen can be derived from different type of sources. It occurs naturally, but for most occasions, the world relies on petroleum for the supplies of bitumen. The bitumen consists of crude petroleum oil that normally varies between 25% and 40%, but content of crude oil can vary between 15% and 80% (BP 2010). There are three categorization for crude oil bitumen that is bitumen based, paraffin based or bitumen and paraffin based. Bitumen present in the form of colloidal dispersion or in a true solution based on the type of crude petroleum oil. In the refining process, the proportion of oil to bitumen particles changes because of petroleum oil is taken away by distillation. Relatively in few numbers, this particle become closer to one another and their size increase when it is dispersed. At the time the distillation process stopped, the petroleum becomes a colloidal dispersion of black solid known as asphaltenes. This asphaltenes are dispersed in an oily brown yellow liquid, known as the maltenes fraction. It also react as a stabilizing agent to keep the asphaltenes in suspension are another group of hydrocarbon known as resins. Normally bitumen is found in a few forms, from the hard, easily crumbled bitumen in rock asphalt to the softer, more viscous material found in tar sands and so-called asphalt lakes. It is normally consist of varying proportions of mineral and vegetable impurities that need to be extracted before in can be used as engineering material. Bitumen also can be found as asphaltite. It is natural bitumen without an impurity that varies in the amount the asphaltite can be dissolve in carbon disulphide. Natural petroleum like bitumen naturally occurs as the result from the special decompositions of marine debris. After thousands of years it has been move through porous rock such as limestone and sandstone often by volcanic action. In certain areas notable for their petroleum resources, like in the Middle East, semi fluid bitumen can be found oozing out of fissures near hot spring or seeping out of the ground. Rock asphalt, it is more costly to move around and to process. This is because its variable and relative low content of bitumen and tends to be found away from the places where bitumen needed. It is important to distinguish between bitumen and coal tar. Even though coal tar is black and viscous like bitumen, it is obtained from the carbonization of coal that why it is very different chemical properties. Many part of the world in engineering project, from the construction of transcontinental highways to the waterproofing of flat roof surfaces, depending on the specific nature of asphalt. Petroleum crude oil processed by the industry to provide all but a small part of this material is important.(BP, 2010) 2.4 Manufacturing process Manufacturing of bitumen consist of three processes which is refinery process, storage and distribution. 2.4.1 Refinery process In oil refinery process, the crude oil is divided into different groups based on their boiling range. The first stage of refinery process is atmospheric distillation. In this process the crude oil is heated about 3000 C to 3500 C and the more volatile components in the crude oil such as petrol and kerosene are distilled off. Residue from this process called atmosphere residue, which is need further distilled under vacuum. Because of the applied vacuum, the effective distillation point is 5000 C 5600 C. this vacuum distillation process produce more volatile products called as vacuum distillates and leaves vacuum residue which is a non volatile residue of high viscosity. Based on the crude oil origin, the vacuum residue can be used directly as bitumen and for some cases of crude oil it needs additional process to meet certain specification such as air blowing of the residue. To ensure consistent product, the air blowing needs careful selection and control of process temperature, air rate and residence time. In other hand bitumen are produced by blending vacuum residue with asphaltenes which is derived from the production of lubricating oils. The selection of crude is the most important element of bitumen manufacture because it is required expertise and experience to yield a satisfactory product. 2.4.2 Storage Large permanent tank made of mild steel plate use to stored bitumen at refineries with capacities of between 100 and 10000 tones. To make sure the bitumen remain fluid, steam or hot oil is pumped during heating oils in the heavily insulated tanks. 2.4.3 Distribution To make sure the bitumen not cool and unworkable the product must be kept between 150 °C-190 °C throughout the supply chain.  The temperature of bitumen can fall about 7oC to 10oC when it is loaded into a road tanker and it will continue to fall further while in transit. Most of the bitumen will be transferred from the refineries using the road tankers with capacities of 10 to 40 tones. The road tanker is insulated by single-compartment tanks, normally with some kind of heating such as heating tubes. Insulated rail cars are sometimes used to transport bitumen to intermediary depots with reheating facilities. 2.5 Properties of Bitumen Bitumen is a durable and strong adhesive use as a binder in many applications with other material without affecting their properties. Its durability is important to major engineering part such as road and water ways. Bitumen is insoluble in water and can be used as an effective water proofing sealant. Bitumen can be used to line watercourses because it resist and do not react with acid, alkalis, salt and does not contaminate water. Bitumen is soften and thermoplastic material. Bitumen becomes liquid when heated and hardens when it cools. Bitumen can used easily in the area where its need to used because it can readily be liquefied by one of three methods thats applying heat, dissolving it in petroleum solvents or dispersing it in water (emulsification). Total production of bitumen is larger use in road construction. This is because bitumen gives flexibility to the mixed mineral aggregates that been used in road construction. It is available with economic cost all around the world. 2.6 Types of Bitumen There are several types of the bitumen below based on BP bitumen 2010: 2.6.1 Paving grade bitumen This type of bitumen considered as a parent bitumen of the other form of bitumen produced below. It is refined and blended to fulfill the industrial and road engineering specification that considered different climate condition. 2.6.2 Cutback bitumen This type of bitumen has lower viscosity than other types of bitumen. This bitumen has been diluted in order to make it more flow able and suitable for application. Cutback bitumen mostly is used for cold weather bituminous, road construction and maintenance. In cutback bitumen suitable solvent is used to lower the viscosity of the bitumen. Fluidity of bitumen depends on the proportion of solvent and degree of hardness of the bitumen base. Cutback bitumen classified based to the time it takes to become solid, as rapid curing (RC), medium curing (MC) or slow curing (SC). RC is recommended for surface dressing and patchwork. MC is recommended for premix with less quantity of fine aggregates. SC is used for premix with appreciable quantity of fine aggregates. The solvent used for preparation of cutback of bitumen are white spirit commonly used for RC grades, kerosene for MC grades and diesel for SC grades. In view of the environment, health and safety cutback bitumen cause a problem because the solvent used evaporates and currently the evaporation is regarded as a potentially undesirable characteristic. 2.6.3 Bitumen emulsions Frequently the bitumen that been applied to mineral aggregates substrates in road construction is in the form called bitumen emulsion. Bitumen emulsions are the dispersion of bitumen in an aqueous continuous condition and been stabilized by the addition of emulsifier. Bitumen emulsions are the ideal binder can be used in hill road construction which the process of heating the bitumen or aggregates are not easy in that area. Rapid setting emulsions usually used for surface dressing work, Medium setting emulsions use for premix jobs and patch repairs work and slow setting emulsions are ideal use during rainy season. Around 60% of bitumen content in the emulsion and the left over is water (Tom V. Mathew and K V Krishna Rao, 2007). During the road construction, these emulsions will breaks down resulting in released of water and the mix will starts to set. Grade of bitumen affect the time of setting. Bitumen emulsion is ideal for used in road construction because it have low viscosity and workable in ambient temperatures. But to apply this bitumen in road making process, it requires controlled breaking and setting. Bitumen should not break before it is laid on the surface of road but, once it placed, it should break quickly. This implies that the road can be in service without delay. 2.6.4 Modified bitumen Modified bitumen is bitumen treated with modifiers. Certain additives added as bitumen modifiers to improve the service performance by changing such properties as their durability and hardness. Natural rubber, polymer and thermoplastic are commonly used to modify bitumen. This is an exciting development of growing importance due to the ability of modem technology to satisfy the demands of the bitumen and international market. Modified bitumen will contribute towards a longer road life and lower cost maintenance. 2.6.5 Multi-grade Bitumen This type of bitumen is chemically modified bitumen. It has multi properties that are properties of hard paving bitumen at high service temperature with the properties of soft paving grades bitumen at low temperature. Multi-grade bitumen gives improvement in resistance to deformation 2.6.6 Industrial bitumen Industrial bitumen also known as oxidized bitumen. This bitumen is made by blowing air through hot paving grade bitumen called blowing process. The result from blowing process is a product that softens bitumen at higher temperature than provide by paving grade bitumen softens. It also has rubberlike properties and its viscosity is less affected by changes in temperature than is the case with paving grade bitumen. 2.7 Requirement of Bitumen The some requirement properties of bitumen depend on the mix type and construction. In general, Bitumen should fulfill the following properties: (Prof. Tom V. Mathew, 2009) The bitumen should not be highly temperature susceptible: during the hottest weather the mix should not become too soft or unstable, and during cold weather the mix should not become too brittle causing cracks. The viscosity of the bitumen at the time of mixing and compaction should be adequate. This can be achieved by use of cutbacks or emulsions of suitable grades or by heating the bitumen and aggregates prior to mixing. There should be adequate affinity and adhesion between the bitumen and aggregates used in the mix. 2.8 Modification of bitumen Many studies have been conducted in order to improve the performance of bitumen used in road pavement by modified bitumen with other material. Additional materials such as rubber, polymer and epoxy resin have been used as modifier in bitumen in the previous research. This study stresses on the usage of fly ash as an additive in bitumen. 2.9 Coal combustion products Fly ash is one of the coal combustion residues. Coal combustion residuals are formed during coal-burning processes in power plants. Coal combustion product consists of several materials: (R.  Majko, 1996). 2.9.1 Fly ash Fly ash is the fines ash of coal ash particles from combustion of coal. It is called fly ash because it is transported from combustion chamber by exhaust gases. Fly ash is a fine powder produce from the mineral contain in coal. It also consists of noncombustible mater in coal and a small amount of carbon thats remains because of incomplete combustion. Fly ash is usually light tan in color. It is commonly consists of silt sized and clay sized glassy spheres which is gives fly ash a consistency somewhat like talcum powder. The property of the fly ash varies based on coal composition used and plant operating system.http://www.undeerc.org/carrc/Assets/FlyAsh1.JPG Figure 2.2: fly ash 2.9.2 Bottom ash Bottom ash and fly ash is two different materials in physical, mineralogical and chemical. Bottom ash is a coarse, granular, and incombustible material which is collected from the bottom of furnaces of combustion of coal in generation of electricity. Different with fly ash, bottom ash coarser than fly ash with grain sizes spanning from fine sand to fine gravel. The type of the bottom ash depends on type of furnaces used to burn a coal. http://www.undeerc.org/carrc/Assets/BottomAsh1.JPG Figure 2.3: bottom ash 2.9.3 BOILER SLAG Boiler slag is normally a black granular material with numerous engineering uses. It is formed in cyclone boilers which form a molten ash thats cooled with water. Boiler slag is coarser than fly ash.http://www.undeerc.org/carrc/Assets/BoilerSlag1.JPG Figure 2.4:boiler slag 2.9.4 FGD GYPSUM Flue gas desulfurization (FGD) gypsum is also can be defined as scrubber gypsum. FGD gypsum is the product from an air pollution control system which is removes sulfur from the flue gas in calcium based scrubbing systems. It is composed of calcium sulfate and produced by employing forced oxidation in the scrubber. FGD gypsum is most usually used for agricultural activity and for wallboard production. http://www.undeerc.org/carrc/Assets/FGDMaterial1.JPG Figure 2.5: FGD gypsum 2.10 Production of fly ash Fly ash normally produced from burning of coal for power generation.   Normally coal is pulverized and blown with air into the combustion chamber. In this part the coal will be ignites, generating heat and producing a molten residue. Then the boiler tubes will extract heat from the boiler and then cool the gas in the chimney. This make the residue from the combustion of coal harden and produce ash known as coal combustion products. The coarse ash kwon as bottom ash and  it will fall at the bottom of coal furnaces. In the other hand, the light ash will the light ash will remain suspended in the flue gas and will be collected by electrostatic precipitators, baghouses, or mechanical collection devices such as cyclones. C:Documents and Settingsto_pekDesktopproduction of fly ash.gif Figure 2.6: production of fly ash (ACAA, 1997) 2.11 Utilization and benefit of fly ash Fly ash have been used many part of the engineering application around the world. The table below shows the utilization of fly ash in the engineering part. (Fly ash facts for highway engineers, 2003). Application Benefit used in Portland cement concrete (PCC) -improved workability -decrease water demand -reduced bleeding -improved durability used in stabilized base course -provide a strong and durable mixture -lower cost -suitable for using recycled base material -increased energy efficiency used in flowable fill -allows placement under freezing conditions -reach 100% density with no compactive effort -increase soil bearing capacity -increase the speed and ease of backfilling operations Used in soil improvement -eliminates need for expensive materials -expedites construction works by improving unstable subgrade By improve subgrade conditions, cost saving through reduction in required pavement thickness. Used in asphalt pavement -reduce potential of asphalt stripping due to hydrophobic properties of fly ash -reduce stripping because fly ash consist of lime -a lower cost than other filler Used in grouts for pavement subsealing -develop high ultimate strength -accomplished quickly with minimum effect to the traffic flow. -used to correct undermining without 2.12 Type of fly ash Fly ash is collected use electrostatic precipitators or bag houses and then transferred to large silos for shipment. Fly ash divided base on precise particle size requirement, thus assuring a uniform and quality of product. There are 2 different type of fly ash from combustion of coal in large power plant which is class C and class F. 2.12.1 Class C Class C fly ash is produced usually from lignite and sub-bituminous coals and normally contains significant amount of Calcium Hydroxide (CaO) or lime (Cockrell et. al., 1970). Fly ash class C will harden when exposure to the water. Class C normally contains more than 15% of lime and can reach until 30% of the composition (Dr. Kamar Shah Ariffin, 2007). Higher of CaO in class C fly ash make it more special with self hardening characteristic. This is because calcium is a good adhesive agent. The existence of pozzolan properties in the fly ash class c make it different from fly ash class F. 2.12.2 Class F Class F fly ash is produced from bituminous coals and burning anthracite .Class F is normally contains greater combination of silica, alumina and iron about 70% of the composition but low in lime content usually under about 15% of the composition (Dr. Kamar Shah Ariffin, 2007). This fly ash has Siliceous and aluminous material, which itself possesses little or no cementitious value but in finely divided form and in the presence of moisture, chemically react with Calcium hydroxide at ordinary temperature to form cementitious compounds (Chu et. al., 1993). 2.13 Characteristic of fly ash 2.13.1 Size and shape Fly ash consist of powdery and fine particle that are in spherical shape, either in solid or hollow and mostly glassy in nature. The carbonaceous in fly ash consist of angular particles. The particle size distribution of bituminous coal fly ashes is usually similar to the silt which is less than a 0.075 mm or No. 200 sieve. Sub bituminous coal fly ashes are similar to the silt size and it is slightly coarser than bituminous coal fly ashes. A coarser particle can result in a less reactive ash and could contain higher carbon contents. Figure 2.7: Fly ash particles at 2,000x magnification 2.13.2 Color By depending on the amount of unburned carbon in the ash, the color of fly ash can be found and vary from tan to gray to black. If the fly ash contains low carbon, the color will be lighter. Lignite or sub bituminous fly ashes are typically light tan to buff in color, representing relatively low quantities of carbon in addition to the presence of some lime or calcium. However, bituminous fly ashes are usually some shade of gray, with the lighter shades of gray generally indicating a higher quality of ash.    Figure 2.8: typical fly ash colors 2.13.3 Specific gravity The specific gravity of fly ash is generally varies between 2.1to 3.0 whereas the specific surface area are varies in range from 170 to 1000 m2/kg that been measured by the Blaine air permeability method. 2.13.4 Loss of ignition Loss of ignition is a measured of remaining unburned carbon in a coal. It is a critical property of fly ash need to be measured, especially for concrete applications. High carbon levels, the type of carbon, the interaction of soluble ions in fly ash, and the variability of carbon content can cause air entrainment problem in fresh concrete and can affect the durability of the concrete. In some application of fly ash are not affected by the loss of ignition such as filler in asphalt and flowable fill can accept fly ash with high content of carbon. 2.13.4 Chemistry Chemical compositions of the coal mainly affect the chemical constituents of fly ash. Depending on the coal combustion technology used, the fly ash can be significantly different even though they are produced from the same source and similar chemical composition. Therefore the ash hydration properties with the leaching characteristic can vary a lot between generating facilities. The combustion and glassification process used at certain power plant will affect the quantity of crystalline material versus glassy phase material because these two substances were depends on these two process. When the maximum temperature of the combustion process is above approximately 12000 C and the cooling time is short, the ash produced is mostly glassy phase material (McCarthy et. al., 1987). Crystalline phase calcium compounds are formed where boiler design or operation allows an extra gradual cooling of the ash particles. The factors that affect the hydration and leaching properties of fly ash such as the relative proportion of the spherical glassy phase and crystalline materials, the size distribution of the ash, the chemical nature of glass phase, the type of crystalline material, the nature and the percentage of unburned carbon (Roy et.al, 1985). Generally, the most important factors that influenced the mineralogy of coal fly ash are (Baker, 1987): Chemical composition of the coal Coal combustion process including coal pulverization, combustion, flue gas clean up, and fly ash collection operations Additives used, including oil additives for flame stabilization and corrosion control additives. The minerals present in the coal dictates the elemental composition of the fly ash. The boiler design and operation dictated the mineralogy of the ash. 2.13.5 Chemical Requirements for Fly Ash Classification (Dr. Kamar Shah Ariffin, 2007) Properties Fly Ash Class Class F Class C Silicon dioxide (SiO2) plus aluminum oxide (Al2O3) plus iron oxide (Fe2O3), min, % 70.0 50.0 Sulfur trioxide (SO3), max, % 5.0 5.0 Moisture Content, max, % 3.0 3.0 Loss on ignition, max, % 6.0 6.0

Analysis of Goodwill International Essays -- Nonprofit Analysis

Goodwill International is a not-for-profit organization whose main objective is to offer job trainings, employment placements, and other community-based projects to individuals with disabilities. The organization also extends its services to veterans who include people who lack the necessary job experience, education, or face challenges in securing employment. The non-profit organization is financed by a chain of retail thrift stores, which also operate as not-for-profit entities in places where they are situated. Goodwill is constituted by a system of 165 community based independent organizations operating in 15 countries, including the United States, Brazil, Venezuela, Uruguay, Panama, and Canada among others. The organization uses the most part of its revenues to provide training, employment, and other relevant support to its dependants who are currently more than 6 million. This paper assesses Goodwill International based on key concepts such as volunteerism, accountabilit y, strategic planning, and fundraising in relation to its mission, vision, and purpose. In addition, the paper suggests several recommendations that could bring various benefits to Goodwill if implemented. Although Goodwill International is successful, it is not efficient and needs to implement additional strategies to improve its efficiency. There are a number of recommendations made in this paper to assist Goodwill International to enhance its efficiency. Some of the strategies include: improvement of its communication strategy, enhancement of its fiscal health, implementation of new marketing strategies, introduction of employee performance measurement techniques, and changing its donation policies to include more items. Goodwill was founded... ...ngs from a national survey of nonprofit social services agencies. Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly, 39(4), 571-587. Michalski, G. (2011). Operating cycle and nonprofit organization efficiency. Journal of Academic Research in Economics, 3(3), 584-598. Taylor, B. E., Ryan, W. P., & Chait, R. P. (2013). Governance as leadership: Reframing the work of nonprofit boards. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley. Waters, R. D., Burnett, E., Lamm, A., & Lucas, J. (2009). Engaging stakeholders through social networking: How nonprofit organizations are using Facebook. Public Relations Review, 35(2), 102-106. Weerawardena, J., McDonald, R. E., & Mort, G. S. (2010). Sustainability of nonprofit organizations: An empirical investigation. Journal of World Business, 45(4), 346-356. Worth, M. J. (2013). Nonprofit management: Principles and practice. Washington, DC: Sage Publications.

The Lincoln Electric Company

Headquartered in Euclid, Ohio, a suburb of Cleveland, The Lincoln Electric Company is a world leader in welding and cutting products, as well as a premier manufacturer of electric motors. The company is well known for its dedicated, talented workforce and its superior technology. Lincoln Electric Company gives its customers total solutions along with a commitment to quality. Lincoln Electric Company is also well known for its incentive management system. Many companies strive to duplicate the success that Lincoln has enjoyed over the years. John C. Lincoln founded Lincoln Electric Company in 1895 with a capital investment of $200. At first he only designed electric motors, but in 1909, he began to build welding machines. In 1814, he hired his brother James to be the VP and manager of his company. In 1934, the famous Lincoln bonus plan was instated as employees enjoyed bonuses of 25% of their base pay. By 1940, Lincoln employees enjoyed two times the average pay and productivity of similar Cleveland workers. Lincoln has built a very profitable company. This by way of treating all of its stakeholders with the utmost importance. Lincoln always kept its prices very fair, if not too fair for the customers. In many cases, the price of an item or service provided by Lincoln had gone down over the years. At the same time, employee†s salaries actually went up. This is just one example why Lincoln has flourished. Why are the employees at Lincoln Electric Company so pleased as well as so productive? Why were Lincoln employees willing to work overtime during an August vacation time in 1994? The following benefits are some of the main reasons why Lincoln employees will do almost anything to help its employer: an employee stock purchase plan company-paid life insurance piece rates adjusted for inflation a practice of lifetime employment Since its inception in 1895, Lincoln Electric Company was privately owned. This allowed for the protection of the processes that has kept Lincoln in the lead. However, after two years of losses in 1992 and 1993 due to a harsh foreign market, Lincoln Electric Company had to go public. With multi-million dollar, domestic updates and acquisitions in such countries as Italy, China, and Indonesia, Lincoln Electric Company wasted no time by dwelling on its first losses in Lincoln†s history. Lincoln is back on track as the world leader in arc welding, after faltering for only two years. Lincoln is committed to providing substantial value to all of its stakeholders. Very satisfied, dedicated and talented employees Incentive performance system Customer†s interests were held as more important than the stockholder†s Low prices kept customers pleased Exceptional quality (one Lincoln distributor said he sold hundreds of Lincoln welders without even one return Good relationships with unions Lincoln would guarantee a price quote in writing Having to go public after nearly 100 years The incentive pay scheme needs some updates Try to regain the its long-time standing as a privately owned company Stockholders could threaten with the need for a traditional pay scheme and this could interfere with the excellent relationship that Lincoln Electric has with its employees There is really nothing that Lincoln Electric Company can do that has not already been done. Lincoln Electric Company never had a loss until it†s over sea operations began to suffer in 1992. During the global organization, Lincoln†s employees voluntarily postponed their vacations in order to meet customer demand. Sales records have been set for every quarter since mid 1993. The only area that I see that could be changed is the way that the employees are compensated.

Sappho of Lesbos Woman Poet of Ancient Greece

Sappho of Lesbos was a Greek poet who wrote from about 610 to about 580 B.C.E.  Her works  include some poems about love of women for women. Lesbian comes from the island Lesbos, where Sappho lived. Sapphos Life and Poetry Sappho, a poet of ancient Greece, is known through her work: ten books of verse published by the third and second centuries B.C.E. By the Middle Ages, all copies were lost. Today what we know of the poetry of Sappho is gleaned only through quotations in the writings of others. One poem from Sappho survives in complete form, and the longest fragment of Sappho poetry is a mere 16 lines long. Sappho probably wrote about 10,000 lines of poetry.  We have just 650 of them today. The poems of Sappho are more personal and emotional than they are political or religious, especially compared to her contemporary, the poet Alcaeus. A 2014 discovery of fragments of ten poems has led to a reassessment of the long-held belief that all her poems were about love. Very little about Sapphos life has survived in historical writings, and what little is known comes to us primarily through her poems.  Testimonies about her life from contemporaries, like Herodotus, potentially tell us something, though some of these testimonies are known to include inaccuracies. She was from a wealthy family, and we do not know her parents names. A poem discovered in the 21st century mentions the names of two of her three brothers. Her daughters name is Cleis, so some have suggested that for her mothers name as well (unless, as some argue, Cleis was her lover rather than her daughter). Sappho lived in Mytilene on the island of Lesbos, where women often congregated and, among other social activities, shared poetry theyd written. Sapphos poems usually focus on the relationships among women. This focus has given rise to speculation that Sapphos interest in women was what today would be called homosexual or lesbian. (The word lesbian comes from the island of Lesbos and the communities of women there.) This may be an accurate description of Sapphos feelings towards women, but it may also be accurate that it was more acceptable in the past—pre-Freud—for women to express strong passions towards one another, whether the attractions were sexual or not. A source that says she was married to Kerkylas of the island of Andros is probably making an ancient joke, as Andros simply means Man and Kerylas is a word for the male sexual organ. A 20th-century theory was that Sappho served as a chorus teacher of young girls and that much of her writing was in that context. Other theories have Sappho as a religious leader. Sappho was exiled to Sicily about the year 600, possibly for political reasons. The story that she killed herself is probably a mistaken reading of a poem. Bibliography The Love Songs of Sappho (Literary Classics) ,  Sappho, et al. 1999.Sappho: A New Translation,  Mary Barnard (Translator), Dudley Fitts. Reissue 1999.The Sappho Companion,  Margaret Reynolds (Editor). 2001.The Laughter of Aphrodite: A Novel About Sappho of Lesbos,  Peter Green